IGF-1 DES

Key findings (each cites a source)

• A review of acromegaly reported that growth hormone (GH) excess leads to increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exposure, associated with multiple systemic comorbidities (PMID: 36209758). [PMID 36209758]
• A primer on acromegaly reported that acromegaly is characterized by increased GH release and, consequently, increased IGF-1, most often due to a pituitary adenoma (PMID: 30899019). [PMID 30899019]
• A review on acromegaly diagnosis reported that serum IGF-I is the preferred initial screening test due to its stability and reflection of integrated GH secretion, while biochemical confirmation can involve repeat IGF-I and GH measurement during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (PMID: 42056759). [PMID 42056759]
• An article on acromegaly presentation noted diagnostic delay commonly ranges from 6 to 10 years and highlighted nonspecific early symptoms, supporting the need for improved screening strategies (PMID: 42056759). [PMID 42056759]
• Des(1-3)IGF-I was described as a truncated variant of human IGF-I lacking the Gly-Pro-Glu tripeptide at the N-terminus, isolated from multiple sources, and proposed to result from post-translational cleavage of IGF-I (PMID: 8930132). [PMID 8930132]
• Des(1-3)IGF-I was reported to be about 10-fold more potent than IGF-I at stimulating hypertrophy and proliferation of cultured cells, attributed to reduced binding to IGF-binding proteins due to absence of the glutamate at position 3 (PMID: 8930132). [PMID 8930132]
• A cardiovascular review reported that IGF-1 influences vasorelaxation and is linked to regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and, at least partly, inducible NOS (iNOS) activity, alongside other reported cellular effects (PMID: 31692426). [PMID 31692426]
• A cardiovascular review reported that low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in human studies (PMID: 31692426). [PMID 31692426]
• A systematic review reported that exercise training in adults over 40 years generally increased blood levels of IGF-1, with effects described as independent of mode, duration, and intensity of training programs across included studies (PMID: 34936049). [PMID 34936049]
• A step-wise clinical development article reported that low postnatal IGF-1 concentrations in very preterm infants were associated with poor weight gain and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other morbidities, forming motivation for recombinant IGF-1 (with rhIGFBP-3) development (PMID: 28969546). [PMID 28969546]
• A neurodegenerative disorders review discussed the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway’s contribution to neuronal functions including cell survival, and reported that translation efforts include proof-of-concept clinical studies underway for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PMID: 24582776). [PMID 24582776]